I cant give you a huge list, because many parrots common overseas (parrotlets, a few parakeet species, etc) are not found at all in Australia due to import laws. So maybe someone with experience with these species can put them in.
Of course it varies from bird to bird, how they're trained, how they're raised, etc. But generally...
Easiest:
Budgies. Can be nippy.
Cockatiels. Can be nippy.
Lovebirds. Can be nippy.
Pyrrhura conures (Green cheek, maroon bellied, etc). Can be nippy and possessive.
Ringneck parakeets (including mustache, plum-head, etc). Can be nippy, go through adolescent 'bluffing' phase.
Pionus parrots. Male can be especially aggressive during breeding season, need proper socialisation, can sometimes be a bit nervous or flighty.
Poicephalus parrots (Senegal, Jardine, etc). Can go through 'nippy' stage, need to be socialised properly.
Lories/Lorikeets (rainbow, red-capped, etc). Need specialised diet, can be messy, painful bite.
Caiques. Very nippy if not handled properly, can be very stubborn. Males tend to be bossy.
Aratinga conures (sun, nanday, etc). Can be very loud/shrill voiced. Can be nippy. Will try to boss you around if not socialised properly. Not particularly independant, will crave your attention.
Alexandrines. Large size can intimidate beginners. Can be nippy. Can be very stubborn. Need a large cage so tail feathers are not broken. Go through 'bluffing' phase.
Eclectus. Need specialised care, don't tend to form strong bonds, prone to feather plucking. Can be easily startled.
Small macaws (Hahn's, severe, etc). Very intelligent and boisterous. Need strict training to prevent unwanted behaviours. Can be nippy. Can be prone to plucking if bored.
Amazons (blue-fronted, yellow-crowned, etc). Very intelligent. Need strict training to prevent unwanted behaviours. Can be nippy. Require a high level of interaction to prevent boredom.
Small cockatoos (galah, corella, etc). Need large cage, very needy and crave interaction. Can deliver powerful and painful bite. Tendency to pluck, very loud, mischievous. Some species such as the Major Mitchells can become aggressive if not socialised properly.
African Grey parrots. Very needy and require constant entertainment and enrichment. Incredibly intelligent and known escape-artists. Can develop behavioural problems. Prone to plucking and screaming if bored.
Large white cockatoos (sulphur crested, umbrella, etc). Need large cage, very needy and crave interaction. Can deliver powerful and painful bite. Tendency to puck, very loud, mischievous. Can develop habitual screaming and self-mutilation if bored. Can become very jealous of other pets and humans. Prone to behavioural problems. Love to chew and destroy.
Black cockatoos (red-tailed, palm, etc). Need large cage, very needy and crave interaction. Can deliver powerful and painful bite. Prone to behavioural problems. Need to be socialised correctly. Can be loud if bored. Love to chew and destroy.
Large macaws (scarlet, blue and gold, etc). Need large cage, very needy and crave interaction. Can deliver powerful and painful bite. Very intelligent, need a lot of challenging toys. Love to chew and destroy. Prone to behavioral problems. Prone to plucking and screaming if bored. Need to be socialised correctly.
I've probably forgotten a lot of things, but this is a basic list at least. It is very general, there are vast differences even within groups. A gang-gang cockatoo is much more aggressive and nippy than a galah, although they are both 'small cockatoos'.
The cost of the bird in particular depends on a lot of things, the species of parrot (hyacinth macaw vs. scarlet macaw), the colour mutation (wild-type indian ringneck vs. buttercup ringneck), the cost of food and services (the food for a long-lived bird will be much more than that for a short-lived bird). Generally the larger and more intelligent birds will cost more.
:red: