That looks like some type of mites to me... Dark nails could indicate mite larvae shells, like with feather mites. I'm not sure about this (at all), but that's what I'd guess.
Mites can be contracted in many ways. Where did you get it? Exposure to a mite infected bird is all it takes. If a bird he used to be with was exposed to outdoor sparrows or such, he could get it from them, and transfer it to your birds. Keep your birds away from this one and give them all the meds your vet gave you. Best to prevent the spread within your home. Also, be aware that some mites can pass on to you as well. Wash your hands and be clean about this issue.
As for the missing nail, it may be because he bit it off from the mites. I'm referring to the darkened nail having mites. The missing one could be an old injury or a self-inflicted one. Again, I'm not certain. I'd discuss it with your vet to determine the cause so he doesn't injure himself any further if that is the cause of the missing nail.
my vet gives me emergency stuff so i can treat my animals myself because i have a dog that flaires up and a cat with issues
I had a c anary with air sac mites so my vet just sent me with some various bird meds plus scatt he said to use them where i see fit, i am a vet tech in training but I KNOW there are people on this forum that have had so much experience so i thought they would know more.
He did not tell me i can catch this?
vetricn is a spray that wil l treat skin problems and or injury it is good and safe for birds because even if it gets in their eye the bird wont get hurt
he said scatt is the most powerful mite killer out there and will get rid of everything like advantage for birds?
I'd essentially start a Quarantine for any bird who you know have mites. Treat them with what your vet gave you and keep an eye on the others. Just my opinion/advice.