And as to your original question.
I had five birds that I recalled, and kept flighted, and used to free fly.
After a series of accidents we discontinued the free flighted experiment.
My red lored amazon got stuck at the top of a 30+ foot tree one day. She landed near a crows nest, and they massed and attacked her. She huddled way back in the branches... guess who had to climb up there and get her down?
THEN my Red Fronted Macaw flew to the top of a three story building and was afraid to come down. It took about two hours to get her to work up the courage to take off from there. (The entire time she sat there with one foot up in the air - no, you come pick me up!)
THEN worst of all, my conure flew low across a parking lot coming back to me. He received a glancing blow from a car, and was almost killed... it was like watching your kid run into traffic after a ball... seeing it coming, but unable to prevent it from happening.
THEN, a few days later, we had a red tailed hawk land on a bird tree on our balcony. Even though the doors were closed, my two amazons immediately FREAKED and flew off in the opposite direction, faceplanting into a window hard enough to crack it, and knock themselves silly in the process...
I am firmly in the "keep them clipped" camp now.
I keep all my birds long clipped, and semi-flighted. Their psychological state is fine. And they are much, much, much safer.
Q. What do you call a bird who flies into a ceiling fan?
A. Shredded Tweet!